A cartoon of 3 graphs, depicting technical implementations of social networks
Graph 1, a planet with many lines leaving it, centralized, you're the leaf, the planet is the center, that's what connects everyone (think facebook, linkedin, discord, et al)
Graph 2, a federated graph (think Mastodon, GoToSocial, ActivityPub). Multiple planets, each representing a community, with lines between the planets which associate with each other. So a patchwork of planets with 0+n connects to any other. Not all planets connect to all planets. Some planets are depicted as only connected to each other, BUT THAT'S HEALTHY FEDERATION. Not everywhere needs to be connected to everywhere, that's the point of moderation, AND of federation.
Graph 3, A bunch of planets all connected to each other, everywhere. It's effectively decentralized-centralization. (think Bluesky), even if you create another planet, it just gets connected back to all other planets anyway. All focus is on the moderation tools, and no way to disconnect from bad planets anywhere in the network, nor a way to escape the one-of-these-planets-runs-the-whole-protocol-and-could-kick-your-planet-out-with-just-an-update.